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No. 25,548. PATENTED SEPT. '20, 1859. G. H. SANBORN & J. E. GOFFIN. MACHINE FOR SHAPING AND FINISHING THE BACKS OF BOOKS.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

G. H. SANBORN, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, AND JOHN E. COFFIN, OF PORTLAND, MAINE; SAID COFFIN ASSIGNOR TO SAID SANBORN.

MACHINE FOR SHAPING AND FINISHING THE BACKS OF BOOKS.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 25,548, dated September 20, 1859'.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, G. H. SANBORN, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, and JOHN E. (30mm, of Portland, in the county of Cumberland and State of Maine, have invented a new and Improved Machine for Shaping and Finishing the Backs of Books; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of the ma-' chine in a plane transverse to the book holder. Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the principal operating parts in the same plane as Fig. 1, but showing them in different positions. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same. Figs. 4 and 5 represent two of the cams employed in the machine.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures.

Our invention consists firstly in the employment for shaping the backs of books of a longitudinally divided roll or pair of segments operating across the back from the center toward both sides simultaneously.

It consists secondly in certain mechanism for operating the book holder to make it present the book to the successive operations of the divided roll and grip it tighter before the repetition of the operation. And it consists thirdly in certain mechanism for moving the divided roll out of the way to permit the insertion of the book in and its withdrawal from the holder.

To enable others to make and use our invention we will proceed to describe its construction and operation.

A, is the framing of the machine having the book holder B, B, and the longitudinally divided shaping roll C, C, arranged at one end and having the driving shaft S, arranged near the bottom, some distance behind but parallel with the clamping rolls and book holder.

The two jaws B, and B, of the book holder are attached to long arms D, and D, which are arranged to vibrate upon a horizontal shaft E, which is arranged to rise and fall in vertical guides a, a, (Fig. 3,) pro- .vided in the sides of the framing. The aw B, is stationary except when adjusted for books of different sizes, as will be presently described, and is held so by two long rods 6 b, which connect its ends with a shaft 6, arranged in horizontal guides 62!, in the back part of the sides of the framing. The jaw B, which moves to and from B, to clamp and release the book, is connected by a toggle F, F, with a shaft h, arranged parallel with c, inhorizontal guides g. The shafts e and h are both stationary during the operation of the machine; but when it is desired to adjust the aws of the book holder for books of a different size to that for which they have been previously set, the said shafts are adjusted nearer together or farther apart by means of a screw i, with which they are connected by a toggle f, f.

The two segments C, C, which constitute the divided clamping journals which work in bearings in two similar pairs of levers Gr, Gr, which work one pair at each side of the machine on fulcrum pins j, j, secured in the upper ends of two longer levers H, H, to which the shaft E, constitutes a fulcrum. The extremities of the two levers G, G, are connected by two long rods I, I with a horizontal shaft J, which is arranged to work up and down in vertical guides 75, k, in the framing, some distance above the shaft E, and the extremities of the levers G, are connected by similar rods I, I with the same shaft. The fulcrum pins j, 3', project beyond the outer sides of the levers G, G, and enter are formed slots in stationary plates Z, Z, which are secured to the sides of the framing, the slots of said plates being described with a radius about equal to the distance of the pins from the shaft E. The faces of the segments C, C, are somewhat eccentric to the axes of their journals, the edges m, m, which come together as shown in Fig. 1, being the parts nearest to the axes and the edges n, n, the parts most distant therefrom. At the commencement of the operation of the said segments upon the book K, they are close together as shown in bold outline in Fig. 2, their edges m, on, meeting in a line along the middle of the back of the book. Their operation on the book is produced by the descent of the shaft J, which by its action on the rods I, I, draws down the ex-",105

' and so to give the back a rounded form.

When the shaft J, rises again an opposite effect is produced and the segments return again to the first mentioned position ,without altering the form of the back. The descent of the shaft J, is produced by its connection by two links 19, p, slotted to pass the shaft E, with two similar levers L, L, which work on fixed fulcrum pins 9, and are operated upon by two similar cams M, M, upon the main shaft S; and the said shaft is caused to rise again by the action upon the levers L, L,.of two springs r, 7-, arranged below them. These springs tend always to keep the segments close together. The cams M, are formed as shown in Fig. 4, to act upon the said levers L, L, twice during every revolution of the shaft S, and yet to allow the said levers to rest once for a considerabletime to allow the segments to be moved from their position above the book holder to the position shown in Fig. 1, to permit the removal of a finished book from the holder B, B, and the insertion of a new one without stopping the machine which, it may be here stated, has a continuous operation, all its parts deriving motion in proper order of succession from the constantly revolving shaft S.

The movement of the segments C, C, from their operative position represented in Fig. 2 to the position shown in Fig. 1, and back again is effected by the movement of the levers H, H, produced partly by cams N, N, one of which is shown in Fig. 5, on the main shaft S, and partly by springs s, s, which confine them to the said cams. The greater portion of the faces of these cams is concentric to the axes of the shaft S, and while the levers H, H, rest on these portions of the cams the said levers keep the fulcrum pins j, of the levers G, G, which carry the segments, opposite the center of the book holder as shown in Fig. 2, and so keeps the rollers in an operative condition, but as soon as the steps 6, of the two cams arrive at the levers the springs s, 8, bring them to the positions shown in Fig. 1, and bring the segments away from over the book holder. In this operation the pins j, j, are guided by the curved slots of the plates Z, Z. A

The toggle F, F, for opening and closing the book holder is operated by its connections by a rod 24, with a lever O, which works on a fixed fulcrum o, and which is connected by a rod 1], with the shaft E. This shaft derives a downward vertical motion from a spring Q, which connects it with the lower part of the framing and an upward vertical motion from two toggles P, P, whose lower links are connected with the framing and whose joints are connected with two slides R, R, which are operated upon by two cams T, T, on the shaft S. These cams, one of which is plainly shown in Fig. 1, have each two steps w, 10, one higher than the other to produce two distinct upward movements of the shaft J, the first of said movements being to make the jaws grip the book before the first rolling operation of the segments, and the second to make them grip it tighter before the second rolling operation, and the same cams by causing the shaft E, to rise before each operation of the segments raises up the holder and the book that its back may be well pressed and shaped.

The construction and individual operations of the several parts of the machine having been described, we will now briefly describe the operation of backing or finishing the back of a book.

Rotary motion being given to the shaft S, at a suitable speed and the machine set in motion, the workman or attendant standing in front of the machine with the book in his hand waits till the parts arrive in the positions represented in Fig. 1, when he places the book back upward between the jaws B, B, of the holder. The jaws immediately close upon and secure the book and the levers H, H, operate to bring the segments over the center of the back, the holder rising with the book during the said operation of the said levers which are slotted where the shaft E, passes through them to permit the said shaft and the holder to rise. The levers G, G, then operate twice to pass the segments over the back of the 'book from the center to sides and back again as illustrated in Fig. 2, and the holder rises between these successive operations to raise the book that it may be properly pressed into shape by the second operation, and the jaws of the holder are tightened upon the book previously to the second operation. After the second operation of the rollers they are returned to the position shown in Fig. 1, and the holder opens to release the book which is removed by the attendant and replaced by another before the jaws close again.

This machine may be used for rounding the backs of books before the covers are applied or for finishing them after binding. The cams may be so constructed as to repeat the operation of the divided roll or segments three or more times instead of only twice as in the example given.

We do not claim the use of a roll operating across the back of the book from side to side. But

What we claim as our invention. and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. The employment for shaping or finishing the backs of books, of a divided roll or pair of segments C, C, operating across the backs from the center to both sides thereof substantially as herein described.

2. The combination of the cam T, slide R, toggle P, P, spring Q, link 3 lever 0, link u, and toggle F, F, with the book holder for the purpose of raising the holder and caus- Way of the holder at the proper stage of the 10 ing it to close upon the book before each operation of the machine to permit the reoperationO of the divided roll or pair of seglnoval and introduction of the books. lnents su stantialy as herein described.

5 3. Attaching the segment levers G, G, or their equivalents to levers H, H, operated substantially as described by cams N, N, on Witnesses:

the constantly revolving main shaft for the W. G. RUSSELL, purpose of throwing the segments out of the MELLEN CHAMBERLAIN. 

